Chuyên đề: ôn tập ngữ pháp cơ bản Tiếng Anh (Phần II)

Period 11, 12
LESSON 10: PASSIVE VOICE

The Passive Voice

1. Form
Active: S + V + O + …….
Passive: S + be + V3/ed + (by O) + ……
Ex: Active: She arranges the books on the shelves every weekend.
S V O
Passive: The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
S be V3/ed by O

2. Rules:
Khi đổi từ chủ động sang bị động ta chú ý các bước sau :

a. Xác định S (Chủ từ), V (động từ), O (túc từ) và thì của động từ trong câu chủ động.
Ex: Active: She arranges the books on the shelves every weekend.
S V1 O
b. Đem O lên làm S, chuyển S xuống làm O đặt sau by.
Ex: (P) The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
S by O
c. Thêm động từ to be (phù hợp với thì của động từ trong câu chủ động),
và chuyển động từ chính sang V3/ed.
Ex: (P) The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
be V3/ed

3. Notes:
a. Trong trường hợp có liên từ and và giới từ , ta phải xác định đầy đủ chủ từ hoặc túc từ khi chuyển đổi
Ex:- Active: He and I see the film
Passive: The film is seen by him and me.
- Active: He bought a box of chocolates last week
Passive: A box of chocolates was bought last week.
b. Trong câu bị động: by O luôn đứng sau adverbs of place (trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn) và trước adverbs of time (trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian).
Ex: (P) The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
adv of place by O adv of time
c. Trong câu bị động ta có thể bỏ: by people, by us, by them, by someone….
Ex: Passive: A new bridge has been built across the river (by them).
d. Trong các thì có trợ động từ (Auxiliary verbs) như: am/ is/ are, was/
were, has/ have, had……
Active: S + Aux + V + O + …….
Passive: S + Aux + be + V3/ed + (by O) + ……
Ex: - Active: They have built a new bridge across the river.
S Aux V O
- Passive: A new bridge has been built across the river (by them).
S Aux be V3 by O
- Active: Mai was watching a cartoon at 8 o’clock last night.
S Aux V O
-Passive: A cartoon was being watched by Mai at 8 o’clock last night.
S Aux be V-ed by O

Active Passive Passive
S + V1 + O
S + am/is/are + V-ing + O
S + has/have + V3/ed + O
S + V2/ed + O
S + was/were + V-ing + O
S + had + V3/ed + O
S + will/shall + Vo + O

S + am/is/are + V3/ed
S + am/is/are + being +V3/ed
S + has/have + been + V3/ed
S + was/were +V3/ed
S + was/were + being +V3/ed
S + had + been + V3/ed
S + will/shall + be +V3/ed

PASSIVE OF MODAL VERBS

Các động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verbs) như: can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, had better, would rather, have to, be going to, used to, ought to, ….
Active: S + Modal Verbs + Vo + O + …….
Passive: S + Modal Verbs + be + V3/ed + (by O) + ……
Ex: - Active: Nam can do this exercise right now.
S M.V Vo O
-Passive: This exercise can be done by Nam right now.
S M.V be V3 by O
- Active: People are going to solve the problem next month.
S M.V Vo O
Passive: The problem is going to be solved (by people) next month.
S M.V be V-ed by O


EXERCISES (PASSIVE VOICE)
I/ Change these sentences into the passive voice
1. Somebody has robbed the bank near our house.
…….…………………..…….…………………..…….…………………..
2. Somebody told me to wait outside.
…….…………………..…….…………………..…….…………………..
3. Somebody has driven them to the airport.
..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….…………………..
4. They will complete the new high way from north to south next year.
..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….…………………..
5. My aunt made this sweater for her son.
..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….…………………..
6. The television station has broadcast all the 22nd Sea-Games competitions.
..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….…………………..
7. My teacher asked me to be here at 10 am.
..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….…………………..
9. Thomas Edison invented the electric light bulb.
..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….…………………..
10. She makes coffee for her parents every day.
..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….…………………..

II/ Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct active or passive voice
1. Last night my favorite program________________ (interrupt) by a special news bulletin.
2. When I______________ (arrive) at the airport yesterday, I______________ (meet) by my cousin and a couple of friends.
3. Kim______________ (write) this composition last week. That one _____________ (write) by Phi.
4. I don’t have my bicycle today. It’s with the repairman. It______________ (repair) right now.
5. Someone has bought the small lot behind my house and a new house_______________ (build) on it next year.
6. A: Do you understand the explanation in the book?
B: No, I don’t. I_______________ (confuse).
7. A: When____________ your bike_______________ (steal)? B: Two days ago.
8. A:__________ you_____________ (pay) your electricity yet?
B: No. I haven’t. but I’d better pay it today. If I don’t, my electricity supply ______________ (shut off) by the power company.
9. A: Did you hear about the accident?
B: No. What________________ (happen)?
A: A bicyclist_____________ (hit) by a taxi in front of the dorm.
B: ___________ the bicyclist______________ (injure)?
A: Yes. He_______________ (take) to City Hospital.
10. The Eiffel Tower_____________ (be) in Paris, France. It_____________ (visit) by millions of people every year. It_______________ (design) by Alexandre Eiffel (1832-1923). It_______________ (erect) in 1889 for the Paris exposition. Since that time, it_______________ (be) the most famous landmark in Paris. Today it______________ (recognize) by people throughout the world.

III.Change these sentences into the passive voice
1. People should send their complaints to the main office.
..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….…………………..
2. Somebody might steal your car if you had left the keys in it.
..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….…………………..
3. A short circuit could cause the fire.
..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….…………………..
4. Lan is going to invite her friends to her birthday party.
..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….…………………..
5. Lien couldn’t open the door of the classroom.
..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….…………………..
6. They should announce that news as soon as possible.
..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….…………………..
7. Phong has to return the scientific book to the library.
..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….…………………..
8. People must repair that old building.
..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….…………………..
9. The government will rebuild the memorial monument.
..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….…………………..
10. The students may elect Phong their leader.
..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….…………………..
11. The teacher won’t accept papers written in pencils.
..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….…………………..
12. The athletes might visit some interesting places after Sea-Games.
..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….…………………..
13. Lan’s parents have to clean up their house before Tet holidays.
..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….…………………..
14. The principal might interview her.
..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….…………………..
15. They must keep fruit in the fridge for long.
..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….…………………..

KEYS
EXERCISES (PASSIVE VOICE)
I/ Change these sentences into the passive voice
1. The bank near our house has been robbed.
2. I was told to wait outside.
3. They have been driven to the airport.
4. The new highway from north to south will be completed next year.
5. This sweater was made for her son by my aunt.
6.All the 22nd Sea-Games competitions have been broadcast by the TV station
7. I was asked to be here at 10 am.
9. The electric light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison.
10. Coffee is made for her parents every day.
II/ Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct active or passive voice
1. was interrupted 2. arrived/ was met 3. wrote/ was written 4. is being repaired
5. will be built 6. am confused 7. was…stolen 8. Have…paid?/ will be shut off 9. happened/ was hit/ was…injured/was taken
10. is/ is visited/ was designed/ was erected/ has been/ is recognized
PASSIVE OF MODAL VERBS + EXERCISES
Change these sentences into the passive voice
1. Their complaints should be sent to the main office.
2. Your car might be stolen if the keys had been left in it.
3. The fire could be caused by a short circuit.
4. Her friends are going to be invited to her birthday party.
5. The door of the classroom couldn’t be opened by Lien.
6. That news should be announced as soon as possible.
7. The scientific book has to be returned to the library by Phong.
8. That old building must be repaired.
9. The memorial monument will be rebuilt by the government.
10. Phong may be elected their leader by the students.
11. Paper written in pencils won’t be accepted by the teacher.
12. Some interesting places might be visited by the athletes after Sea- Games.
13. Their house has to be cleaned up by Lan’s parents before Tet holidays.
14. She might be interviewed by the principle.
15. Fruit must be kept in the fridge for long.


I. Thể bị động của câu phủ định và nghi vấn
Ex: - (A) Mai doesn’t write this letter.
- (P) This letter isn’t written by Mai.
- (A) They didn’t watch the fashion show last night.
- (P) The fashion show wasn’t watched last night.
- (A) Did your father make this chair?
- (P) Was this chair made by your father?
- (A) Who repaired your bicycle?
- (P) Whom was your bicycle repaired by?
(By whom was your bicycle repaired?)
- (A) What plays did Shakespeare write?
- (P) What plays were written by Shakespeare?

II. Động từ có hai túc từ:

1. Động từ cần giới từ TO: give, lend, send, show, …
Ex: - (A) John will give me this book. (=John will give this book to me.)
- (P1) I will be given this book by John.
- (P2) This book will be given to me by John.

2. Động từ cần giới từ FOR: buy, make, get, …
Ex: - (A) He bought her a rose. (=He bought a rose for her.)
- (P1) She was bought a rose.
- (P2) A rose was bought for her.

III. Cấu trúc They/People say/think/believe… that …
Ex: - (A) People say that Henry eats ten eggs a day.
- (P1) It is said that Henry eats ten eggs a day.
- (P2) Henry is said to eat ten eggs a day.
- (A) They thought that Mary had gone away.
- (P1) It was thought that Mary had gone away.
- (P2) Mary was thought to have gone away.

IV. Cấu trúc đại từ bất định: No one, Nobody, Nothing,………..
Ex: - (A) No one can answer this question.
- (P) This question can’t be answered.
- (A) They haven’t done anything.
- (P) Nothing has been done.

EXERCISES
Change these sentences into the passive voice
1. Nobody sent us any tickets.
____________________________________________
2. Has someone decorated my bedroom?
____________________________________________
. Did anything disturb you in the night?
____________________________________________
4. Nobody has invited her to the party.
____________________________________________
5. She teaches grammar and writing.
____________________________________________
6. People say that you send your application form to the university.
____________________________________________
7. They elect Thu the leader of the group.
____________________________________________
8. I don’t see anyone in the house.
____________________________________________
9. Lan bought her brother some comic books.
____________________________________________
10. The students don’t play video games on the weekend.
____________________________________________
11. They believed that he went abroad to study English.
____________________________________________

SPECIAL PASSIVE VOICE + EXERCISES
Change these sentences into the passive voice
1. We weren’t sent any tickets.
2. Has my bedroom been decorated?
3. Were you disturbed in the night?
4. She hasn’t been invited to the party.
5. Grammar and writing are taught.
6. It is said that you send your application form to the university.
You are said to send your application form to the university.
7. Thu is elected the leader of the group.
8. No one is seen in the house.
9. Her brother was bought some comic books by Lan.
Some comic books were bought for her brother by Lan.
10. Video games aren’t played by the students on the weekend.
11. It was believed that he went abroad to study English.
He was believed to have gone abroad to study English.

Period 14
LESSON 11: RELATIVE CLAUSES

I. Mệnh đề tính từ hay mệnh đề quan hệ được đặt sau danh từ nó phụ nghĩa, được nối bằng các đại từ quan hệ: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT, WHOSE, và trạng từ quan hệ:WHERE, WHY, WHEN.

1. WHO: thay thế cho người, làm chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ.
Ex: - I need to meet the boy. The boy is my friend’s son.
-I need to meet the boy who is my friend’s son.
- The woman is standing over there. She is my sister.
- The woman who is standing over there is my sister.

2. WHOM: thay thế cho người, làm túc từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ..
Ex:- I know the girl. I spoke to this girl.
-I know the girl whom I spoke to.
- The man is my teacher. Your father is talking to him.
-The man whom your father is talking to is my teacher.

3. WHICH: thay thế cho vật, đồ vật; làm chủ từ, túc từ trong MĐQH.
Ex: - She works for a company. It makes cars
-She works for a company which makes cars.
- The elephants are big. People keep the elephants in iron cages.
-The elephants which people keep in iron cages are big.

4. THAT: thay thế cho người, vật; làm chủ từ, túc từ trong MĐQH.
Ex: - I need to meet the boy that is my friend’s son.
- The woman that is standing over there is my sister.
- I know the girl that I spoke to.
- The man that your father is talking to is my teacher.
- She works for a company that makes cars.
- The elephants that people keep in iron cages are big.

5. WHOSE (OF WHICH): thay thế cho sở hữu của người, vật (his-, her-, its-, their-).
Ex: - John found the cat. Its leg was broken.
-John found the cat whose leg/(the leg of which) was broken.
- This is the student. I borrowed his book.
-This is the student whose book I borrowed.

6. WHERE: thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn: there, at that place.
Ex: - The movie theater is the place. We can see films at that place.
-The movie theater is the place where we can see films.

7. WHY: thay thế cho cụm trạng từ chỉ lí do: for that reason.
Ex: - Tell me the reason. You are so sad for that reason.
-Tell me the reason why you are so sad.

8. WHEN: thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ thời gian: then, at that time, on that day.
Ex: - Do you remember the day. We first met on that day.
-Do you remember the day when we first met?

II. Giới từ đặt trước mệnh đề tính từ: (WHOM/WHICH)
Ex: - The man speaks English very fast. I talked to him last night.
- The man to whom I talked last night speaks English very fast.
- The house is for sale. I was born in it.
-The house in which I was born is for sale.

* Lưu ý: Không dùng THAT sau giới từ.

The house in that I was born is for sale.- câu sai

III. OF WHICH / OF WHOM:
Ex: - Daisy has three brothers. All of them are teachers.
-Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers.
- He asked me a lot of questions. I couldn’t answer most of them.
-He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer.

EXERCISES (RELATIVE CLAUSES)
I/ Circle the letter of the correct answer to complete the sentence
1. That’s my friend_______________ comes from Japan.
A. which B. who C. whom D. where.
2. The plants which______________ in the living room need a lot of water.
A. are B. be C. is D. was
3. She’s the woman_______________ sister looks after the baby for us.
A. who B. which C. that’s D. whose
4. That’s the doctor for________________ Cliff works.
A. that B. which C. whom D. whose
5. Marie,______________ I met at the party, called me last night.
A. that B. whom C. which D. whose
6. I remember Alice,______________ rode the bus to school with.
A. I B. whom I C. which I D. who
7. I used to enjoy the summer, ______________ we had a big family picnic.
A. where B. when C. which D. that
8. Tell me about the city ______________ you grew up.
A. that B. where C. which D. ø
9. Anna found the book that ________________ wanted at the bookshop.
A. ø B. where C. she D. which
10. Please remember to take back to the library all the books_____________ are due this week.
A. ø B. that C. when D. they

II/ Complete the sentences, using a relative pronoun.
1. The girl chatted with him yesterday. She arrived here at 6:30.
________________________________________________________________
2. The man is talking to my father.He spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen
________________________________________________________________
3. The architect designed these flats. He has moved to HCM City.
________________________________________________________________
4. The young man lives in the corner. He rides an expensive motorbike.
________________________________________________________________
5. I’m reading the book. I bought it in 1996.
________________________________________________________________
6. I will introduce the man to you. He is sharing the flat with me.
________________________________________________________________
7. The young man is talking to our teacher. He is Ba’s brother.
________________________________________________________________
8. We visited the monument. It was built a hundred years ago.
________________________________________________________________
9. The boys are interested in football. It is a popular game all over the world.
________________________________________________________________
10. The boy gave his parents big hugs before he left. He went abroad to study.
________________________________________________________________
11. My friends had so much fun at the festival. They wanted to go there again.
________________________________________________________________

EXERCISES (RELATIVE CLAUSES)
I/ Circle the letter of the correct answer to complete the sentence
1. B. who 2. A. are 3. D. whose 4. C. whom 5. B. whom
6. B. whom I 7. B. when 8. B. where 9. C. she 10. B. that
II/ Complete the sentences, using a relative pronoun.
1. The girl who chatted with him yesterday arrived here at 6:30.
2. The man who is talking to my father spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen
3. The architect who designed these flats has moved to HCM City.
4. The young man who lives in the corner rides an expensive motorbike.
5. I’m reading the book which I bought in 1996.
6. I will introduce the man who is sharing the flat with me to you.
7. The young man who is talking to our teacher is Ba’s brother.
8. We visited the monument which was built a hundred years ago.
9. The boys are interested in football which is a popular game all over the world.
10.The boy who gave his parents big hugs before he left went abroad to study.
11. My friends who had so much fun at the festival wanted to go there again.

Period 15
LESSON 12: RESTRICTIVE & NON-RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES

I. Restrictive Relative Clauses
Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước chưa được xác định rõ. Nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chính sẽ không rõ nghĩa.
Ex: - I saw the girl. She helped us last week.
-I saw the girl who/that helped us last week.

II. Non-restritive Relative Clauses
Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước đã được xác định rõ, là phần giải thích thêm. Nếu bỏ đi mênh đề chính sẽ không rõ nghĩa. Mệnh đề này thường được tách bởi mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy “,”
Ta dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định khi:
- Trước danh từ quan hệ có: this/that/these/those/my/her/his/…
- Từ quan hệ là tên riêng hoặc danh từ riêng..
Ex: - My father is a doctor. He is fifty years old.
-My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor.
- Mr Brown is a very nice teacher. We studied English with him.
-Mr Brown, who we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.

* Lưu ý: Không dùng THAT trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.

Mr Brown, that we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.(không dùng)

III. Relative Pronoun THAT

* Những trường hợp dùng THAT:
a. Sau cụm từ quan hệ vừa chỉ người và vật:
Ex: He told me the places and people that he had seen in London.
b. Sau đại từ bất định: something, aynyone, nobody,…….
Ex: I’ll tell you something that is very interesting.
c. Sau các tính từ so sánh nhất, ALL, EVERY, VERY, ONLY:
Ex: - This is the most beautiful dress that I have.
- All that is mine is yours.
- You are the only person that can help us.
d. Trong cấu trúc It + be + … + that … (chính là …)
Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence.
(Chính là bạn tôi đã viết câu này.)

* Những trường hợp không dùng THAT:
- Trong mệnh đề tính từ không hạn định
- Sau giới từ


EXERCISES
I/ Underline the relative clauses in the sentences. Then add commas to separate the Non-restrictive relative clauses.
1. The man who is talking to the principal is our form teacher.
2. The boys who are sitting in the first row will receive the medals.
3. The students who are in the grade 10th are going to clean the school yard.
4. The animals which are kept in iron cages will be carried back to the forest
5. Mr Tan who is our gymaster is very thin and tall.
6. The book which we borrowed from the library must be returned by Monday
7. The little boy who is crying over there lost his way.
8. Mrs Van who lives next door to Hoa works at the television station.
9. The dog which has some black spots is Ba’s.
10. My mother bought the shoes which were made from Hong Kong.

II/ Combine the two sentences by using a relative clause. Some clauses need commas, some do not:
1. The lady is a famous writer. You met her at the party last night.
_______________________________________________ __________________________
2. The child enjoyed the chocolates. Her mother bought them from France.
__________________________________________________ _______________________
3. Dr Oley is our family’s dentist. He is a popular dentist in the city.
__________________________________________________ _______________________
4. They drank a lot of Coke. It is diet Coke.
__________________________________________________ _______________________
. The river is the Sai Gon River. It flows through Ho Chi Minh City.
__________________________________________________ _______________________
6. The girls are performing the play. They rehearsed it yesterday.
__________________________________________________ _______________________
7. Their parents are anxious about their children. The children come back late
__________________________________________________ _______________________
8. The lecturer is my uncle. He gave an interesting talk on TV last night.
__________________________________________________ _______________________
9. The student kept talking about the project. It was done last week.
__________________________________________________ _______________________
10. Mr Phong hasn’t come yet. He is supposed to be at the meeting.
__________________________________________________ _______________________
11. Lan went back home. She forgot to turn off the faucet.
__________________________________________________ _______________________

RESTRICTIVE & NON-RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES
I/ Underline……. Then add commas…….
1. The man who is talking to the principal is our form teacher.
2. The boys who are sitting in the first row will receive the medals.
3. The students who are in the grade 10th are going to clean the school yard.
4. The animals which are kept in iron cages will be carried back to the forest
5. Mr Tan, who is our gymaster, is very thin and tall.
6. The book which we borrowed from the library must be returned by Monday
7. The little boy who is crying over there lost his way.
8. Mrs Van, who lives next door to Hoa, works at the television station.
9. The dog which has some black spots is Ba’s.
10. My mother bought the shoes which were made from Hong Kong.
II/ Combine the two sentences………
1. The lady who you met at the party last night is a famous writer.
2. The child enjoyed the chocolates which her mother bought from France.
3. Dr Oley, who is a popular dentist in the city, is our family’s dentist.
4. They drank a lot of Coke which is diet Coke.
5. The river, which flows through Ho Chi Minh City, is the Sai Gon River.
6. The girls are performing the play which they rehearsed yesterday.
7. Their parents are anxious about their children, who come back late
8. The lecturer, who gave an interesting talk on TV last night, is my uncle.
9. The student kept talking about the project which was done last week.
10. Mr Phong, who is supposed to be at the meeting, hasn’t come yet.
11.Lan, who forgot to turn off the faucet, went back home

Period 15
LESSON 13: REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSE

Rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ thành cụm tính từ:

I. Dùng V-ing hoặc bỏ BE
Khi mệnh đề chính trong mệnh đề tính từ ở thể CHỦ ĐỘNG hoặc là BE.
Ex: - Those people who are taking photos over there come from Sweden.
-Those people taking photos over there come from Sweden.
- Fans who want to buy tickets started queuing early.
-Fans wanting to buy tickets started queuing early.
- The books which are on that shelf are mine.
-The books on that shelf are mine.

II. Dùng V3/ed
Khi động từ chính trong mệnh đề tính từ ở dạng BỊ ĐỘNG .
Ex: - The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting.
-The books written by To Hoai are interesting.
- Most students who were punished last week are lazy.
-Most students punished last week are lazy.

EXERCISES
I/ Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses
1. Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page.
_______________________________________________ ________________
2. Students who arrive late will not be permitted to enter the classroom.
__________________________________________________ _____________
3. John, who was taken by surprise, hardly knew what to say.
__________________________________________________ _____________
4. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
__________________________________________________ _____________
5. We drove along the road that was still flooded after the heavy rain.
__________________________________________________ _____________
6.The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress
__________________________________________________ _____________
7.The wild ox which is kept at Nam Cat Tien National Park is of a special kind
__________________________________________________ _____________
8. The helicopter which was flying toward the lake made a low droning sound.
__________________________________________________ _____________
9. The winner of the marathon, who was breathing deeply and smiling at the crowd, raised her right hand and waved.
__________________________________________________ _____________
10. Any student who does not want to go on the trip should inform the office.
__________________________________________________ _____________

II/ Combine each pair of sentences into one sentence. Change the second sentence of the pair into a reduced relative clause.
1. Our solar system is in a galaxy. The galaxy is called the Milky Way.
__________________________________________________ _____________
2. I come from a city. This city is located in the southern part of the country.
__________________________________________________ _____________
3. Anyone must take an entrance examination. Anyone applies to that school.
__________________________________________________ _____________
4. The boy drew pictures of people at the airport. The people were waiting for their planes.
__________________________________________________ _____________
5. Sunlight wakes me up early in the morning. It comes through the window.
__________________________________________________ _____________
6. Only a few of the movies are suitable for the children. The movies are shown on
Channel 15.
__________________________________________________ _____________
7. I was wakened by the sound of the laughter. It comes from the room next door to mine.
__________________________________________________ _____________
8. The students have become quite proficient in their new language. They attend class five hours per day.
__________________________________________________ _____________
9. Disney World is a famous amusement park. It is located in Orlando, Florida, USA, and covers a large area of land.
__________________________________________________ _____________
10. Do you know the policeman? He is coming toward us.
__________________________________________________ _____________

REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES + EXERCISES
I/ Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses
1. Be sure to follow the instructions given at the top of the page.
2. Students arriving late will not be permitted to enter the classroom.
3. John, taken by surprise, hardly knew what to say.
4. The people waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
5. We drove along the road still flooded after the heavy rain.
6.The scientists researching the causes of cancer are making progress
7.The wild ox kept at Nam Cat Tien National Park is of a special kind
8. The helicopter flying toward the lake made a low droning sound.
9. The winner of the marathon, breathing deeply and smiling at the crowd, raised her right hand and waved.
10. Any student not wanting to go on the trip should inform the office.
II/ Combine each pair of sentences into one sentence. Change the second sentence of the pair into a reduced relative clause.
1. Our solar system is in a galaxy called the Milky Way.
2. I come from a city located in the southern part of the country.
3. Anyone applying to that school must take an entrance examination.
4. The boy drew pictures of people waiting for their planes at the airport.
5. Sunlight coming through the window wakes me up early in the morning.
6. Only a few of the movies shown on Channel 15 are suitable for the children
7. I was wakened by the sound of the laughter coming from the room next door to mine.
8. The students attending class five hours per day have become quite proficient in their new language.
9. Disney World is a famous amusement park located in Orlando, Florida, USA, and covering a large area of land.
10. Do you know the policeman coming toward us?

Period 16
LESSON 14: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (IF SENTENCES)


I. Conditional Sentences (If Sentences): Type 1
Ex: If I finish my homework, I will go to the concert
(= I will go to the concert if I finish my homework.)
* If clause: If I finish my homework,
* Main clause: I will go to the concert
1. Form
If + S + V1….., S + will + Vo……..
2. Use
Diễn tả một hành động có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

II. Conditional Sentences (If Sentences): Type 2
1. Form
If + S + V2/ed…..., S + would/could + Vo……
(be were)
2. Use
Diễn tả một hành động không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại.
Ex: - If he had much time, he would help you.
(He doesn’t have much time now)
- If I were in your position, I could do that.
(I am not in your position now)

III. Conditional Sentences (If Sentences): Type 3
1. Form
If + S + had + V3/ed….., S + would/could + have + V3/ed…..
2. Use
Diễn tả một điều kiện không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ.
Ex: If we had studied hard last year, we would have got good marks.
(We didn’t study hard last year and we didn’t get good marks)

* Summary:
Type If clauses Main clauses
1 If + S + V1….., S + will + Vo……
2 If + S + V2/ed…..,
(be were) S + would/could + Vo…
3 If + S + had + V3/ed….., S + would/could + have + V3/ed….


IV. Notes
1. Unless: “If … not” có thể thay bằng “UNLESS” (trừ phi):
Ex: - We will be late if we don’t hurry.
- We will be late unless we hurry.
- If I have time, I’ll help you.
-Unless I have time, I won’t help you.

2. Inversion: Bỏ IF trong 3 loại câu điều kiện (phải có đảo ngữ với SHOULD/WERE/HAD):
Ex: - If it should be necessary, I will go.
-Should it be necessary, I will go.
Ex: - If I were rich, I would buy a new car.
-Were I rich, I would buy a new car.
Ex: - If you had asked me, I would have told you the answer.
- Had you asked me, I would have told you the answer.

3. Một số từ, cụm từ có thể thay cho IF với nghĩa tương đương: provided
that; so(as) long as (miễn là); in case (trong trường hợp); on condition that
(với điều kiện)
Ex: You can borrow my book provided that you bring it back.

EXERCISES (IF SENTENCES)
I/ Delete the incorrect verb form.
1. I’ll send/ send you some information if you’ll tell/ tell me your address.
2. If Kate will be/ is late again, she’ll lose/ loses her job.
3. You’ll be/ are sick if you’ll eat/ eat all that ice-cream.
4. There won’t be/ isn’t enough room if everyone will come/ comes.
5. If we’ll go/ go out tomorrow evening, we’ll miss/ miss that new programme on TV.

II/ Put the verbs in parentheses in the correct form to complete the sentences or exchanges.
1. A: My mother always spends his money on expensive things.
B: If he ______________ (be) practical, he _______________ (can save) some money.
2. A: Conservation programs have been introduced by most governments to prevent reckless waste of land.
B: If there _______________ (not be) proper control by the governments, the earth ______________ (be) greatly damaged now.
3. A: Last month, we paid a massive electricity bill.
B: If you ________________ (not waste) so much electricity, the bill___________(not be ) so large.
4. If Mr. Brown ________________ (save) some money when he was young,
he ______________ (not be) so poor now.
5. A: The invitation says six o’clock.
B: Well, it’s six thirty now.
A: If we _______________ (start) earlier, we ______________ (not be) so late now.

III/ Complete the following sentences, using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Tom got to the station in time to catch his train.
If he (miss)____________ it, he (be)_____________ late for his interview.
2. It’s good that you reminded me about Lan’s birthday. I (forget)______________ if you (not remind)_______________ me.
3. Unfortunately, I didn’t have my address book with me when I was in New York. If I (have)_______________ your address, I (send)_____________ you a postcard.
4. I took a taxi to the hotel but the traffic was very bad. It (be)___________quicker if I (walk)_______________.
5. I didn’t know you were in hospital. If I (know)______________, I(go)_______________ to visit you.

IV/ Use conditional sentence type 2 with would or could.
1. We can’t bathe in this part of river because the water is too dirty.
__________________________________________________ ___________
2. We spend too much money on electricity because we have four air conditioners in our house.
__________________________________________________ ___________
3. I can’t write to Linh because I don’t have her address.
__________________________________________________ ___________
4. Dick often causes accidents because he drives carelessly.
__________________________________________________ ___________
5. We can’t give much help to the poor because we waste a lot of money on unnecessary things.
__________________________________________________ ___________

V/ Rewrite the following sentences, using Conditional Sentences Type 3
1. He didn’t hurry, so he missed the train.
If_____________________________________________ _____________
2. My brother didn’t leave the car keys, so I couldn’t pick him up at the station.
If my brother___________________________________________ ______
3. We didn’t go because it rained.
If it hadn’t__________________________________________ _________
4. We didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough money.
If we________________________________________________ _________
5. Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes.
If Susan_____________________________________________ ________
6. Without this treatment, the patient would have died.
If he________________________________________________ ________
7. We got lost because we didn’t have a map.
If we________________________________________________ ______
8. He lost his job because he was late every day.
If he________________________________________________ ________
9. Peter is fat because he eats so many chips.
If________________________________________________ ___________
10. Robert got a bad cough because he started smoking cigarettes.
If Robert____________________________________________ ________
11. Those people weren’t prepared to face the floods; therefore, the
consequence was disastrous.
_______________________________________________ ______________
________________________________________
12. We didn’t enjoy our camping trip last week because it rained all the time.
_______________________________________________ ______________
_
13. That village was heavily flooded last year because trees in the nearby forests were cut down without control.
_______________________________________________ ______________
________________________________________
14. We started our vacation too late, and we had to suffer bad weather.
_______________________________________________ ______________
15. She didn’t take her friends’ advice; therefore, she failed in her business.
_______________________________________________ ______________

EXERCISES (IF SENTENCES)
I/ Delete the incorrect verb form.
1. send ; ‘ll tell 2. will be; loses 3. are; ’ll eat
4. isn’t; will come 5. ’ll go; miss
II/ Put the verbs in parentheses in the correct form to complete the sentences or exchanges.
1. were; could save 2. weren’t; would be 3. hadn’t wasted; wouldn’t have been
4. had saved; wouldn’t have been 5. started; wouldn’t be
III/ Complete the following sentences, using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. had missed; would have been 2.would have forgot; hadn’t reminded
3. had had; would have sent 4. would have been; had walked
5. had known; would have gone
IV/ Use conditional sentence type 2 with would or could.
1. If the water weren’t too dirty, we could bathe in this part of river.
2. If we didn’t have four air conditioners, we wouldn’t spend too much money on electricity.
3. If I had Linh’s address, I could write to her.
4. If Dick didn’t drive carelessly, he wouldn’t often cause accidents.
5. If we didn’t waste a lot of money on unnecessary things, we could give much help to the poor.
V/ Rewrite the following sentences, using Conditional Sentences Type 3
1. If he had hurried, he wouldn’t have missed the train.
2.If my brother had left the car keys,I could have picked him up at the station.
3. If it hadn’t rained, we would have gone.
4. If we had had enough money, we would have gone on holiday.
5. If Susan hadn’t eaten four ice cream cakes, she wouldn’t have felt sick.
6. If he hadn’t treated, the patient would have died.
7. If we had had a map, we wouldn’t have got lost.
8. If he hadn’t been late everyday, he wouldn’t have lost his job.
9. If didn’t eat so many chips, he wouldn’t be fat.
10. If Robert hadn’t started smoking cigarettes, he wouldn’t have got a bad cough.
11. If those people hadn’t been prepared to face the floods, the consequence wouldn’t have been disastrous.
12. If it hadn’t rained all the time, we would have enjoyed our camping trip.
13. If the trees nearby forests hadn’t been cut down without control, that village wouldn’t have been heavily flooded last year.
14. If we hadn’t started our vacation too late, we wouldn’t have suffered bad weather.
15. If she had taken her friends’ advice, she wouldn’t have failed…..business.


Period 17
LESSON 15: ARTICLES (A, AN, THE)

ARTICLES (A, AN, THE)

I. Indefinite Articles: A/ AN
1. A/An được dùng trước:
- danh từ đếm được, số ít
*An: đứng trước nguyên âm hoặc “h”câm. Ex: a doctor, a bag, an animal, an hour…
Ex: an animal, an hour………

- trong các cấu trúc như:
so + adj + a/an + noun
such + a/an + noun
as + adj + a/an + noun + as
How + adj + a/an + noun + verb!

Ex: She is so pretty a girl.
- It’s such a beautiful picture.
- She is as pretty a girl as her sister.
- How beautiful a girl you are!

- Chỉ một người được đề cập qua tên Ex: A Mrs. Blue sent you this letter.
- trước các danh từ trong ngữ đồng vị Ex:Nguyen Du, a great poet, wrote that novel.
- trong các cụm từ chỉ số lượng Ex: a pair, a couple, a lot of, a little,a few,
a large/great number of……..

2. A/An không được dùng:

- ONE được sử dụng thay A/AN để nhấn mạnh Ex: There is a book on the table, but one is not enough.

- trước các danh từ không đếm được Ex: Coffee is also a kind of drink.
- trước các danh từ đếm được số nhiều Ex: Dogs are faithful animals.

II. Definite Article: THE

1. THE được dùng trước:
- những vật duy nhất Ex: the sun, the moon, the world….
- các danh từ được xác định bởi một cụm tính từ hoặc mệnh đề tính ngữ The house with green fence is hers.
-The man that we met has just come.
- các danh từ được xác định qua ngữ cảnh hoặc đề cập trước đó Ex: Finally, the writer killed himself.
- I have a book and an eraser. The book is now on the table.
- các danh từ chỉ sự giải trí Ex:the theater,the concert,the church
- trước tên các tàu thuyền, máy bay Ex: The Titanic was a great ship.
- các sông, biển, đại dương, dãy núi….. Ex: the Mekong River, the China Sea,the Pacific Ocean,the Himalayas
- một nhóm các đảo hoặc quốc gia Ex: the Philippines, the united States.
- tính từ dùng như danh từ tập hợp Ex: You should help the poor.
-trong so sánh nhất Ex: Nam is the cleverest in his class
- tên người ở số nhiều (chỉ gia đình) Ex:The Blacks, The Blues, the Nams
- các danh từ đại diện cho một loài Ex: The cat is a lovely home pet.
- các trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn Ex: in the morning, in the street, in the water…
- số thứ tự Ex: the first, the second, the third….
- chuỗi thời gian hoặc không gian Ex: the next, the following, the last...

2. THE không được dùng:
- trước các danh từ số nhiều nói chung Ex: They build houses near the hall.
- danh từ trừu tượng, không đếm được Ex: Independence is a happy thing.
- Các danh từ chỉ màu sắc Ex: Red and white make pink.
- Các môn học Ex: Math is her worst subject.
- các vật liệu, kim loại Ex: Steel is made from iron.
- các tên nước, châu lục, thành phố Ex:Ha Noi is the capital of VietNam.
- các chức danh, tên người Ex: President Bill Clinton, Ba, Nga
- các bữa ăn, món ăn, thức ăn Ex: We have rice and fish for dinner
- các trò chơi, thể thao Ex: Football is a popular sport in VN.
- các loại bệnh tật Ex: Cold is a common disease.
- ngôn ngữ, tiếng nói Ex:English is being used everywhere
- các kì nghỉ, lễ hội Ex: Tet, Christmas, Valentine…
- các mũi đất (nhô ra biển), hồ núi Ex: Cape Horn, Lake Than Tho,
Mount Cấm, Mount Rushmore…..
*But: the Cape of Good Hope, the
Great Lake, the Mount of Olive……


EXERCISES (ARTICLES)
I/ Choose the correct word or phrase for each blank.
1. My sister often goes to_______________ by bus.
A. city B. a city C. the city D. cities
2. Have you visited______________ ?
A. London University B. the London University
C. University of London D. the University London
3. The view along_______________ is breathtaking.
A. Pacific Coast B. the Pacific Coast C. Coast of pacific D. the Coast Pacific
4. They went skiing in________________ last winter.
A. Alps B. Alps Mountains C. Mountain of Alps D. the Alps
5. Those tourists took a boat trip on______________.
A. Mekong River B. the Mekong River C. River Mekong D. River of Mekong
6. Many of people are interested in climbing______________.
A. Mount Everest B. the Mount Everest C. the Everest mountain D. the mountain Everest
7. Four of them rowed a boat around______________.
A. Great Lakes B. the Lakes Great C. the Great Lakes D. Lakes of Great
8. ______________ natural resources may be used up someday.
A. World B. World’s C. The world D. The world’s

II/ Fill in the blanks with a, an, the or ø (zero article)
1. Jason’s father bought him____________bike that he wanted for his birthday
2. ____________ Statue of Liberty was a gift of friendship from___________ France to______________ United states.
3. Rita is studying___________ English and___________ Math this semester.
4. __________ judge asked___________ witness to tell____________ truth.
5. Please give me_______ cup of________coffee with ________cream and_________ sugar.
6. __________ big books on___________ table are for my history class.
7. My____________ car is four years old, and it still runs well.
8. There are only___________ few seats for_____________ tonight’s musical.
9. ______________ chair that you are sitting in is broken.
10. ___________Civil War was fought in ________ United States between 1861 and 1865.

III/ Put in a, the, some, or any where necessary.
(1)_______ Wayle is (2)_________ small river that cuts across (3)_________ park near my house. I like sitting by (4)_________ Wayle on fine afternoon. It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on (5)________ river bank as usual. (6)_________ children were playing games on (7)_________ bank and there were (_________ people rowing on (9)__________ river.
Suddenly, one of (10)__________ children kicked (11)__________ ball very hard and it went towards (12)_________ passing the boat. (13)_________ people on (14)_________ bank called out to (15)__________ man in (16)___________ boat, but he did not hear them. (17)___________ ball struck him so hard that he nearly felt into (18)___________ water. I returned to look at (19)__________ children. But they weren’t (20)___________ in sight; they had all run away! The man laughed when he realized what happened. He called out to (21)___________ children and threw (22)___________ ball back to the bank.
EXERCISES (ARTICLES)
I/ Choose the correct word or phrase for each blank.
1. C. the city 2. A. London University 3. B. the Pacific Coast
4. D. the Alps 5. B. the Mekong River 6. A. Mount Everest
7. C. the Great Lakes 8. D. The world’s
II/ Fill in the blanks with a, an, the or ø (zero article)
1. the 2.The/ ø/ the. 3. ø/ ø 4. The/ the/ the
5. a/ ø/ ø/ ø 6. The/ the 7. ø 8. a/ ø
9. The 10. The/ the
III/ Put in a, the, some, or any where necessary.
(1)The (2) a (3) the (4) the (5) the (6) Some (7) the
( some (9) the (10) the (11) the (12) a (13) Some (14) the
(15) the (16) the (17) The (18) the (19) the (20) any (21) the (22) the
.
Period 18,19,20
LESSON 16: COMPARISONS

I. Comparison of equality

1. Affirmative
as + adj/adv + as (bằng/như)
Ex: - I’m as tall as Tom.
- John works as hard as his father.

2. Negative
not as/so + adj/adv + as (không bằng/như)
Ex: - This watch is not as/so expensive as mine. (= my watch)
- She does not sing as/so well as her sister.

II. Comparative of adi/ adv

1. Short adj/ adv
adj/adv + ER + than
Tính từ hay trạng từ ngắn là những từ có một vần hay hai vần có tận cùng là đuôi “y”.
fast, cold, thick, lucky, happy .…
Ex: - John is stronger than his brother.
- This athlete runs faster than that one.

2. Long adj/ adv
more + adj/adv + than
Tính từ/trạng từ dài là từ có hai vần trở lên: modern, patient, difficult, fluently, beautifully…
Ex: - This problem is more difficult than we thought.
- He speaks English more fluently than his friend.

III. Superlative of adj/ adv

1. Short adj/ adv
the + adj/adv + EST
Ex: Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.

2. Long adj/ adv
the + MOST + adj/adv
Ex: She is the most beautiful girl in the class.
* Lưu ý:
- Ta có thể dùng the least để chỉ mức độ kém nhất
Ex: This story is the least interesting of all.


EXERCISES (COMPARISONS)
I/ Complete the sentences. Use the comparative form of one of the words in the list.

big crowed early easily thin high important interested peaceful reliable serious simple

1. I was feeling tired last night, so I went to bed earlier than usual.
2. I’d like to have a _________________ car. The one I’ve got keeps breaking down.
3. Unfortunately, her illness was_________________ than we thought at first.
4. You look_________________. Have you lost weight?
5. I want a________________ flat. We don’t have enough space here.
6. He doesn’t study very hard. He’s________________ in having a good time.
7. Health and happiness are_________________ than money.
8. The instructions were very complicated. They could have been__________
9. There were a lot of people on the bus. It was________________ than usual.
10. I like living in the country. It’s________________ than living in the town.
11. You’ll find your way around the town________________ if you have a good map.
12. In some parts of the country, prices are_________________ than in others.

II/ Fill in the blanks with the comparative of the adverbs in the box

easily early fast carefully high
often hard long loud

1. We could have found the place more easily with a map.
2. We can’t hear. Could you speak a bit____________________?
3. I can’t jump any_______________ than that.
4. We are late. Can you walk_______________________ than that?
5. There are big traffic jams in big cities. They happen__________nowadays.
6. Who works the________________ in your family?
7. Of all the student, Mark did the test the__________________.
8. The movie starts at eight, but we should get to the theater a few minutes
_________________.
9. This exercise may take__________________ than we thought.

III/ Complete the sentences. Use a superlative (-est or most…) or a
comparative (-er or more…)
1. We stay at the ______________ hotel in the town. (cheap)
2. Our hotel was ______________ than all the others in the town. (cheap)
3. The United States is very large but Canada is ______________. (large)
4. What’s the__________________ river in the world? (long)
5. What is the________________ sport in your country? (popular)
6. Everest is the_____________ mountain in the world. It is ______________
than any other mountains. (high)
7. We had a great holiday. It was one of the______________ holidays we’reever had. (enjoyable)
8. I prefer this chair to the other one. It’s ______________ . (comfortable)
9. What’s the______________ way of getting from here to the station? (quick)
10. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have got three daughters. The__________ is 14 years old. (old)

IV/ Use the comparative or superlative form of the adjectives.

There are lots of hotels in HCM City. You get a wider (wide) choice here
than in the other cities of Viet Nam. The new world hotel is the____________ (famous) because president Bill Clinton once stayed there. It’s also one of the______________ (expensive) hotels in the city. It is currently the____________ (large) hotel in Viet Nam with 552 guest rooms. Hotel Sofitel Plaza is a______________ (small) hotel but it is________________ (expensive) than the New World hotel. It’s the______________ (comfortable) of all. Hotel Equatorial HCM City is also a superior first-class hotel in the city, but it is_______________ (cheap) than Hotel Sofitel Plaza. These hotels are________________ (popular) with business people than with tourists. Personally I can’t think of anything________________ (boring) than a big modern hotel. My own favorite is Binh Quoi Tourist Village, which is______________ (small) and________________ (pleasant) than many other hotels. The staff at Bing Quoi Tourist Village are________________ (helpful) than at the other hotels. Binh Quoi tourist Village is also in a_____________ (nice) place than the others. There are 49 well-furnished rooms in a very quiet atmosphere. It is just about 20 minutes by car from the city center.

V/ Rewrite the sentences with as…. as…. or not as…. as….
1. Bob is taller than Jack.
Jack isn’t___________________________________________ ___________
2. Tokyo is bigger than Ha Noi.
Ha Noi isn’t___________________________________________ ________
3. Jill is more intelligent than Bill.
Bill is________________________________________________ ________
4. Are you and your husband the same age?
Are you___________________________________ your husband?
5. You work harder than I
I don’t___________________________________________ _____________
6. Dogs are friendlier than cats.
Cats___________________________________________ ______________
7. The sun is hotter than the moon.
The moon______________________________________________ _______
8. You look younger than Carol.
Carol__________________________________________ ______________

VI/ Complete the sentences with an opposite adjective in its comparative or superlative form.
1. A: Dick is the youngest in the family
B: No, he isn’t. He is the oldest.
2. A: Janet was richer than John.
B: No, she wasn’t. She was__________________________________
3. A: This is the easiest exercise in the book.
B: No, it isn’t. It’s__________________________________________
4. A: Robert is more polite than his brother?
B: No. he isn’t. He is_______________________________________
5. A: The weather today is colder than yesterday.
B: No, it isn’t. It’s_________________________________________
6. A: Jack is meaner than Alan.
B: No, he isn’t. He is_______________________________________
7. A: I am the tallest in this class!
B: No, you aren’t. You’re___________________________________
8. A: Nam was the happiest in the class.
B: No, he wasn’t. He was___________________________________


EXERCISES (COMPARISONS)
I/ Use the comparative or superlative form of the adjectives.
Wider/ most famous/ most expensive/ largest/ smaller/ more expensive/most comfortable/ cheaper/ more popular/ more boring/ smaller/ more pleasant/ more helpful/ nicer.
II/ Rewrite the sentences with as…. as…. or not as…. as….
1. Jack isn’t as tall as Bob. 2. Ha Noi isn’t as big as Tokyo.
3. Bill is not as intelligent as Jill. 4. Are you as old as your husband?
5. I don’t work as hard as you. 6. Cats aren’t as friendly as dogs.
7. The moon isn’t as hot as the sun. 8. Carol doesn’t look as young as you.
III/ Complete the sentences with an opposite adjective in its comparative or superlative form.
1. B: No, he isn’t. He is the oldest.
2. B: No, she wasn’t. She was poorer than John.
3. B: No, it isn’t. It’s the most difficult exercise in this book.
4. B: No. he isn’t. He is ruder than his brother.
5. B: No, it isn’t. It’s warmer than yesterday.
6. B: No, he isn’t. He is more generous than Alan.
7. B: No, you aren’t. You’re the shortest in this class.
8. B: No, he wasn’t. He was the saddest in the class.


IRREGULAR COMPARISON + EXERCISES
I. Tính từ/trạng từ bất qui tắc

Adj/ Adv Comparative Superlative
good/well better the best
bad/badly worse the worst
far farther/further the farthest/furthest
little less the least
many/much more the most

II. Tính từ/trạng từ tận cùng là “e”
Ex: large larger largest
wide wider widest
nice nicer nicest
III. Tính từ/trạng từ tận cùng là “y”
Ex: easy easier easiest
happy happier happiest
pretty prettier prettiest

IV. Tính từ/trạng từ cuối cùng là một phụ âm trước nó là một nguyên âm duy nhất
Ex: hot hotter hottest
big bigger biggest
thin thinner thinnest

EXERCISES
I/ Give the correct form of the adjectives or adverbs in brackets.
1. It was an awful day. It was the (bad)_____________ day of my life.
2. He was a bit depressed yesterday, but he looks (happy)____________today
3. John’s car runs (well)________________ than Mary’s.
4. That’s the (far)_______________ way to the city center.
5. I feel (good)_________________ today than I did last week.
6. HCM City is the (big)______________ city in Viet Nam.
7. Marjorie has (many)_______________ books than Sue.
8. He acts (badly)______________ than ever before.
9. This bottle has (little)______________ water than my bottle.
10. Nam is (nice)_______________ than Minh.

II/ Rewrite the following sentences, using Comparative
1. My homework is worse than yours.
Your homework is____________________________________________
2. He does the test more easily than Nga.
Nga____________________________________________ ____________
3. An dictionary is more expensive than an English book.
An English book_____________________________________________
4. He behaves now worse than he used to.
He used to________________________________________________ __
5. My uncle is fatter than my father.
My father____________________________________________ ______

IRREGULAR COMPARISON + EXERCISES
I/ Give the correct form of the adjectives or adverbs in brackets.
1. worst 2. happier 3. better 4. farthest/furthest 5. better 6. biggest
7. more 8. worse 9. less 10. nicer
II/ Rewrite the following sentences, using Comparative
1. Your homework is better than mine.
2. Nga does the test more difficultly than he does.
3. An English book is cheaper than an dictionary.
4. He used to behave better than he does now.
5. My father is thinner than my uncle.
6. Viet Nam is smaller than the USA.
7. I cook worse than my friend does.
8. Hue to Ha Noi is nearer than HCM City to Ha Noi.
HCM City to Ha Noi is farther/ further than Hue to Ha Noi

Period 21,22
LESSON 17: REVISION

Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence

1. The word jeans comes from a kind of material that___________ in Europe.
A. made B. had made C. was made D. are made
2. Different styles of jeans______________ to match the 1960’s fashions.
A. designed B. are designed C. were designed D. had designed
3. The ao dai_______________ for years.
A. is modernized B. was modernized C. has been modernized D. have been modernized
4. A new hospital_____________ next year.
A. is built B. will be built C. has been built D. will build
5. Food______________ direct to the market by trucks.
A. delivered B. deliver C. can be delivered D. delivers
6. The house has_______________ after the fire.
A. to rebuild B. to be rebuilt C. be to rebuilt D. rebuilt
7. All the homework_____________ at home.
A. should do B. should done C. should be done D. should be doing
8. The application form______________ to the university before May 31st.
A. must send B. sent C. must be send D. must be sent
9. Traffic rules____________ strictly.
A. followed B. must followed C. must be followed D. must follow
10. Students_____________ to participate in the after school activities.
A. encourage B. is encouraged C. are encouraged D. encouraged
11. The students are reading some books____________ are on disasters.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
12. The children__________are playing in the yard are Mr Brown’s nephews.
A. whom B. that C. which D. where
13. They are reading the newspapers_____________have just been published
A. who B. which C. when D. whom
14. Hoa and her dog______________ are standing over there go to the park.
A. that B. who C. whom D. which
15. My father will fly to Ha Noi,____________is the capital city of Viet Nam.
A. who B. whom C. which D. where
16. My classmates dislike postcards__________show rough sea and cloud sky
A. who B. which C. where D. when
17. Neil Armstrong,_______________ was the first man walking on the moon, is an American.
A. who B. which C. whom D. that
18. They called their friends,__________have lived in the city for a long time
A. who B. which C. whose D. that
19. They ran out of the house________almost collapsed after the strong wind
A. who B. whose C. which D. where
20. She often plays the music______________ was composed by Chopin.
A. who B. that C. which D. B&C are correct
21. If I finish the dress before Sunday, I_______________ it to my sister.
A. give B. will give C. would give D. had given
22. If I had seen the movie, I_____________ you about it last night.
A. could tell B. will tell C. had told D. would have told
23. He would give you the money if he_____________ it.
A. have B. has C. had D. would have
24. She would call you immediately if she_______________ help.
A. needed B. need C. needs D. will need
25. If you have enough time, please____________the chair before you leave.
A. paint B. will paint C. painted D. would paint
26. We could go for a drive if today______________ Saturday.
A. is B. was C. were D. had been
27. I_______________ if they invite me.
A. accept B. could accept C. accepted D. will accept
28. If your mother_____________ that car for you, will you be happy?
A. buy B. buys C. could have bought D. will buy
29. If he______________ early, he could have left on the afternoon flight.
A. decided B. decides C. had decided D. would decide
30. If he had left early, he _______________ us.
A. will call B. would call C. could have called D. could call
31. John and Marcy went to _______________ school yesterday.
A. a B. an C. the D. ø
32. ____________Lake Erie is one of the five great Lakes in North America.
A. a B. an C. the D. ø
33. On our trip to Spain, we crossed_______________ Atlantic Ocean.
A. a B. an C. the D. ø
34. What did you eat for_____________ breakfast this morning?
A. a B. an C. the D. ø
35. Louie played________basketball and_________baseball at the boys’Club
A. a, a B. an, an C. the, the D. ø, ø
36. While we were in______________ Alaska, we saw an Eskimo village.
A. a B. an C. the D. ø
37. Phil can’t go to the movies because he has to write_____________ essay.
A. a B. an C. the D. ø
38. David attend______________ Princeton University.
A. a B. an C. the D. ø
39. Mel’s mother is in___________ hospital, so we went to visit her last
night.
A. a B. an C. the D. ø
40. Last night there was _____________ bird singing outside my house.
A. a B. an C. the D. ø
41. He is not______________ tall as his father.
A. the B. as C. than D. more
42. John’s grades are______