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 |  Tiêu đề: Reading comprehension -TOEFL- Lesson 4  6th January 2012, 14:10 | |
| Reading comprehension -TOEFL- Lesson 4 (Đọc hiểu -TOEFL- Bài 4) Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi:
1 A pilot cannot fly a plane by sight alone. In many conditions, such as flying at night and landing in dense fog, a pilot must use radar, an alternative way of navigating. Since human eyes are not very good at determining speeds of approaching objects, radar can show a pilot 5 how fast nearby planes are moving.
The basic principle of radar is exemplified by what happens when one shouts in a cave. The echo of the sounds against the walls helps a person determine the size of the cave. With radar, however, the 10 waves are radio waves instead of sound waves. Radio waves travel at the speed of light, about 300,000 kilometers in one second. A radar set sends out a short burst of radiation waves. Then it receives the echoes produced when the waves bounce off objects. By determining the time it takes for the echoes to return to the radar set, a trained 15 technician can determine the distance between the radar set and other objects. The word "radar," in fact, gets its name from the term "radio detection and ranging." "Ranging" is the term for detection of the distance between an object and the radar set. Besides being of critical importance to pilots, radar is essential for air traffic control, 20 tracking ships at sea, and for tracking weather systems and storms.
1. What is the main topic of this passage?
(A) the nature of radar
(B) types of ranging
(C) alternatives to radar
(D) history of radar
2. In line 2, the word "dense" could be replaced by
(A) cold
(B) wet
(C) dark
(D) thick
3. According to the passage, what can radar detect besides location of objects?
(A) size
(B) weight
(C) speed
(D) shape
4. The word "shouts" in line 8 is most similar in meaning to which of the following?
(A) eavesdrops
(B) yells
(C) confesses
(D) whispers
5. Which of the following words best describes the tone of this passage?
(A) argumentative
(B) imaginative
(C) explanatory
(D) humorous
6. The phrase "a burst" in line 13 is closest in meaning in which of the following?
(A) an attachment
(B) a discharge
(C) a stream
(D) a ray
7. The word "it" in line 13 refers to which of the following?
(A) a radar set
(B) a short burst
(C) a radiation wave
(D) light
8. Which of the following could best replace the word "bounce" in line 13?
(A) overturn
(B) groove
(C) extend
(D) rebound
9. Which type of waves does radar use?
(A) sound
(B) heat
(C) radio
(D) light
10. The word "tracking" in line 20 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
(A) repairing
(B) searching for
(C) glancing at
(D) fighting
11. Which of the following would most likely be the topic of the next paragraph?
(A) other uses of radar
(B) uses of sonar technology
(C) other technology used by pilots
(D) a history of flying
12. What might be inferred about radar?
(A) It takes the place of a radio.
(B) It gave birth to the invention of the airplane.
(C) It developed from a study of sound waves.
(D) It has improved navigational safety.2
After two decades of growing student enrollments and economic prosperity, business schools in the United States have started to face harder times. Only Harvard's MBA School has shown a substantial increase in enrollment in recent years. Both Princeton and Stanford have seen 5 decreases in their enrollments. Since 1990, the number of people receiving Masters in Business Administration (MBA) degrees, has dropped about 3 percent to 75,000, and the trend of lower enrollment rates is expected to continue.
There are two factors causing this decrease in students seeking an MBA degree. The first one is that many graduates of four-year colleges are finding that an MBA degree does not guarantee a plush job on Wall Street, or in other financial districts of major American cities. Many of the entry-level management jobs are going to students graduating 15 with Master of Arts degrees in English and the humanities as well as those holding MBA degrees. Students have asked the question, "Is an MBA degree really what I need to be best prepared for getting a good job?" The second major factor has been the cutting of American payrolls and the lower number of entry-level jobs being offered. 20 Business needs are changing, and MBA schools are struggling to meet the new demands.
1. What is the main focus of this passage?
(A) jobs on Wall Street
(B) types of graduate degrees
(C) changes in enrollment for MBA schools
(D) how schools are changing to reflect the economy
2. The phrase "two decades" in line 1 refers to a period of
(A) 10 years
(B) 20 years
(C) 50 years
(D) 100 years
3. The word "prosperity" in line 1 could be best replaced by which of the following?
(A) success
(B) surplus
(C) nurturing
(D) education
4. Which of the following business schools has NOT shown a decrease in enrollment?
(A) Princeton
(B) Harvard
(C) Stanford
(D) Yale
5. The phrase "trend of" in line 7 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
(A) reluctance of
(B) drawback to
(C) movement toward
(D) extraction from
6. As used in line 10, the word "seeking" could best be replaced by which of the following?
(A) examining
(B) avoiding
(C) seizing
(D) pursuing
7. Which of the following descriptions most likely applies to Wall Street?
(A) a center for international affairs
(B) a major financial center
(C) a shopping district
(D) a neighborhood in New York
8. The word "plush" in line 13 most probably means
(A) legal
(B) satisfactory
(C) fancy
(D) dependable
9. According to the passage, what are two causes of declining business school enrollments?
(A) lack of necessity for an MBA and an economic recession
(B) low salary and foreign competition
(C) fewer MBA schools and fewer entry-level jobs
(D) declining population and economic prosperity
10. The word "cutting" in line 18 could best be replaced by which of the following?
(A) wounding
(B) reducing
(C) dividing
(D) carving
11. As used in line 20, the word "struggling" is closest in meaning to
(A) evolving
(B) plunging
(C) starting
(D) striving
12. Which of the following might be the topic of the paragraph?
(A) MBA schools' efforts to change
(B) future economic predictions
(C) a history of the recent economic changes
(D) descriptions of non-MBA graduate programs
3 Carbohydrates, which are sugars, are an essential part of a healthy diet. They provide the main source of energy for the body, and they also function to flavor and sweeten foods. Carbohydrates range from simple sugars like glucose to complex sugars such as amylose and 5 amylopectin. Nutritionists estimate that carbohydrates should make up about one-fourth to one-fifth of a person's diet. This translates to about 75-100 grams of carbohydrates per day.
A diet that is deficient in carbohydrates can have an adverse effect 10 on a person's health. When the body lacks a sufficient amount of carbohydrates it must then use its protein supplies for energy, a process called gluconeogenesis. This, however, results in a lack of necessary protein, and further health difficulties may occur. A lack of carbohydrates can also lead to ketosis, a build-up of ketones 15 in the body that causes fatigue, lethargy, and bad breath.
1. What is the main idea of this passage?
(A) Carbohydrates are needed for good health.
(B) Carbohydrates prevent a build-up of proteins.
(C) Carbohydrates can lead to ketosis.
(D) Carbohydrates are an expendable part of a good diet.
2. The word "function" as used in line 3 refers to which of the following?
(A) neglect
(B) serve
(C) dissolve
(D) profess
3. The word "range" as used in line 3 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
(A) probe
(B) proceed
(C) hail
(D) extend
4. In line 5, the word "estimate" could best be replaced by
(A) disbelieve
(B) declare
(C) calculate
(D) wonder
5. According to the passage, what do most nutritionists suggest?
(A) Sufficient carbohydrates will prevent gluconeogenesis.
(B) Carbohydrates are simple sugars called glucose.
(C) Carbohydrates should make up about a quarter of a person's daily diet.
(D) Carbohydrates should be eaten in very small quantities.
6. Which of the following do carbohydrates NOT do?
(A) prevent ketosis
(B) cause gluconeogenesis
(C) provide energy for the body
(D) flavor and sweeten food
7. Which of the following words could best replace "deficient" as used in line 9?
(A) outstanding
(B) abundant
(C) insufficient
(D) unequal
8. What does the word "this" refer to in line 13?
(A) using protein supplies for energy
(B) converting carbohydrates to energy
(C) having a deficiency in carbohydrates
(D) having an insufficient amount of protein
9. According to the passage, which of the following does NOT describe carbohydrates?
(A) a protein supply
(B) a necessity
(C) a range of sugars
(D) an energy source
10. The word "lack" in line 13 is most similar to which of the following?
(A) plethora
(B) shortage
(C) derivation
(D) commission
11. Which of the following best describes the author's tone?
(A) sensitive
(B) emotional
(C) informative
(D) regretful
12. Which of the following best describes the organization of this passage?
(A) cause and result
(B) comparison and contrast
(C) specific to general
(D) definition and example
4 Martin Luther King, Jr., is well known for his work in civil rights and for his many famous speeches, among them is his moving "I Have A Dream" speech. But fewer people know much about King's childhood. M.L., as he was called, was born in 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia, at 5 the home of his maternal grandfather. M.L.'s grandfather, the ReverendA.D. Williams, purchased their home on Auburn Avenue in 1909, twenty years before M.L. was born. The Reverend Williams, an eloquent speaker, played an important role in the community since so many people's lives centered around the church. He allowed his church and his home 10 to be used as a meeting place for a number of organizations dedicated to the education and social advancement of blacks. M.L. grew up in this atmosphere, with his home being used as a community gathering place, and was no doubt influenced by it.
15 M.L.'s childhood was not especially eventful. His father was a minister and his mother was a musician. He was the second of three children, and he attended all- black schools in a black neighborhood. The neighborhood was not poor, however. Auburn Avenue was the main artery through a prosperous neighborhood that had come to symbolize achievement 20 for Atlanta's black people. It was an area of banks, insurance companies, builders, jewelers, tailors, doctors, lawyers, and other black-owner black-operated businesses and services. Even in the face of Atlanta's segregation, the district thrived. Dr. King never forgot the community spirit he had known as a child, nor did he forget the racial prejudice 25 that was a seemingly insurmountable barrier that kept black Atlantans from mingling with whites.
1. What is this passage mainly about?
(A) the prejudice that existed in Atlanta
(B) Martin Luther King's childhood
(C) M.L.'s grandfather
(D) the neighborhood King grew up in
2. The word "eloquent" in line 7 means most nearly
(A) powerful
(B) active
(C) romantic
(D) fascinating
3. The word "gathering" in line 12 could best be replaced by
(A) picking
(B) learning
(C) exciting
(D) meeting
4. As used, the word "eventful" in line 15 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
(A) valued
(B) memorable
(C) admirable
(D) emotional
5. In line 20, the word "it" refers to which of the following?
(A) achievement
(B) neighborhood
(C) segregation
(D) services
6. According to the author, blacks in King's neighborhood were involved in all the following businesses and services EXCEPT
(A) dentistry
(B) medicine
(C) law
(D) banking
7. The word "tailors" in line 21 describes people who are associated with which of the following trades?
(A) flower arranging
(B) shoe making
(C) garment making
(D) book binding
8. According to the author, King was influenced by
(A) community spirit
(B) black lawyers
(C) his mother
(D) his speeches
9. The word "thrived" in line 23 refers to which of the following?
(A) achieved
(B) surrendered
(C) flourished
(D) held
10. As used in line 25, which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "seemingly"?
(A) apparently
(B) inevitably
(C) inexplicably
(D) hastily
11. The word "mingling" in line 26 could best be replaced by which of the following?
(A) interfering
(B) gargling
(C) consuming
(D) associating
12. According to the author, M.L.
(A) had a difficult childhood
(B) was a good musician as a child
(C) loved to listen to his grandfather speak
(D) grew up in a relatively rich area of Atlanta
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